Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping: is it time to consider market-based measures? Mar. Guidelines for Voluntary Use of the Ship Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator MEPC.213(65) (Marine Environment Protection Committee, 2009) Initial IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships MEPC.304(72) (Marine Environment Protection Committee, 2018) (72).pdfĢ012 Guidelines of the Method of Calculation of the Attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for New Ships MEPC.212(63) Annex 8 (Marine Environment Protection Committee, 2012) (63).pdfĢ012 Guidelines for the Development of a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) MEPC.212(63) Annex 9 (Marine Environment Protection Committee, 2012) (63).pdf CO 2 abatement goals for international shipping. The Paris Agreement: historic breakthrough or high stakes experiment? Clim. Effects of ship emissions on sulphur cycling and radiative climate forcing over the ocean.
Fossil CO 2 Emissions of All World Countries-2020 Report (Publications Office of the European Union, 2020) Ĭapaldo, K., Corbett, J. Carbon dioxide emissions continue to grow amidst slowly emerging climate policies. Review of Maritime Transport 2019 (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2019) įourth IMO Greenhouse Gas Study (International Maritime Organization, 2020).īows-Larkin, A., Anderson, K., Mander, S., Traut, M. Our comprehensive modelling system can serve as a benchmark tool to support the construction of a systematic solution and joint effort from the shipping industry and global trade network to address climate change. However, a huge shipping emissions-reduction potential could be expected by optimizing international trade patterns, with a maximum reaching 38% of the current total. We argue that potential unfairness exists if allocating shipping emissions responsibility to bilateral traders due to external beneficiaries. International maritime trade in 2018 contributes 746.2 Tg to shipping emissions of CO 2, of which 17.2% is contributed from ten out of thousands of trade flows at the country level. Here we build a compound model chain to deconstruct global international shipping emissions to fine-scale trade flows and propose trade-linked indicators to measure shipping emissions efficiency.
The ambitious targets for shipping emissions reduction and challenges for mechanism design call for new approaches to encourage decarbonization.
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